Advantages of hydroelectricity | Disadvantages of hydroelectricity.

Advantages of Generating Hydroelectricity.

The advantages of using the energy of flowing water for the generation of electricity are the following.

1) The generation of electricity from flowing water does not produce any environmental pollution

(2) Flowing water is a renewable source of electric energy which will never get exhausted.

(3) The construction of dams on rivers helps in controlling floods, and in irrigation.

Disadvantages of Generating Hydroelectricity.

The production of hydroelectric power by constructing high-rise dams on rivers has certain problems associated with it Some of these are given below.

1. Large areas of agricultural land, a vast variety of flora and fauna (plants and animals) as well as human settlements (or villages) get submerged in the water of reservoir formed by the dam. Due to this many plants and trees are destroyed, animals get killed and many people are rendered homeless. This creates the problem of satisfactory rehabilitation of the people displaced from the dam site.

2. Large eco-systems are destroyed when land is submerged under the water of reservoir of a dam. The construction of dam on a river also disturbs the ecological balance in the downstream area of the river. For example, due to the construction of dam there are no annual floods in the river. And because of this the soil of downstream region does not get nutrient-rich "silt". This decreases the fertility of soil in the downstream ares and finally the crop yields also decrease.

3. Due to the construction of dam on the river, the fish in the downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient materials due to which the production of fish decreases rapidly (because the fish nutrients remain trapped in the reservoir formed by the damn).

4. The vegetation which is submerged under water at the dam site rots under anaerobic conditions and produces a large amount of methane which is a greenhouse gas (and hence harmful for the environment).

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